When we think of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease usually comes to mind. However, scientists have recently identified a new type of memory loss that can be easily mistaken for Alzheimer’s. This condition is called limbic-predominant amnestic neurodegenerative syndrome, or LANS. Let’s dive into what this means and how it affects people differently than Alzheimer’s.
So, What Exactly is LANS?
LANS is a form of dementia that typically affects people over the age of 80. It progresses more slowly and with milder symptoms compared to Alzheimer’s. Just like Alzheimer’s, a definitive diagnosis of LANS can only be made after death. But now, thanks to researchers at the Mayo Clinic and other institutions, doctors have a better framework for identifying LANS in living patients .
How is LANS Different from Alzheimer’s?
It’s easy to confuse LANS with Alzheimer’s because their symptoms can look very similar. However, there are some key differences that help doctors tell them apart:
- Brain Changes: In LANS, the brain shows degeneration in different areas compared to Alzheimer’s. Specifically, LANS affects the limbic system, which is involved in memory, emotions, and behavior .
- Protein Build-Up: Alzheimer’s is known for tau protein tangles in the brain, affecting spatial awareness and reasoning. LANS, on the other hand, involves a buildup of TDP-43 protein in the limbic system .
- Memory Loss: People with LANS often struggle with episodic memory loss, which means they have trouble recalling specific details, names, and words. However, their ability to understand and process visual and spatial information remains relatively strong, unlike in Alzheimer’s .
- MRI Scans: MRI scans of LANS patients show more loss of volume in the hippocampus, whereas Alzheimer’s patients typically have more volume loss in the neocortex .
Why is This Important?
Having a specific diagnosis for LANS is incredibly helpful for a few reasons:
- Better Care: Knowing whether someone has LANS or Alzheimer’s helps doctors provide the right kind of care and support.
- Tailored Treatments: Different types of dementia might require different treatments, so a clear diagnosis can lead to more effective management.
- Understanding: For patients and their families, understanding what’s happening can make a big difference in coping with the disease .
What’s Next?
The discovery of LANS is just the start. Researchers at the Mayo Clinic are continuing to refine their criteria for diagnosing LANS and are exploring more about how different types of dementia work. Their goal is to improve how we diagnose and treat these conditions, ultimately helping those affected live better lives .
Final Thoughts
Learning about LANS is a big step forward in our understanding of dementia. As research continues, we hope for even more accurate diagnoses and better care for those dealing with memory loss. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of memory loss, it’s important to seek professional advice to get the right diagnosis and support.
In the meantime, stay informed and keep the conversation going about these important health issues. Knowledge is power, and it’s the first step towards better health and well-being.
References:
- Cassella, Carly. “Scientists Name New Type of Memory Loss Often Mistaken For Alzheimer’s.” ScienceAlert, 30 July 2024. ScienceAlert.
- Mayo Clinic. “Degeneration in LANS is seen in distinct brain areas.” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic.
- Jones, David. “Our clinical work identifies memory symptoms mimicking Alzheimer’s disease but clearly are not.” Mayo Clinic.
- “Limbic-predominant amnestic neurodegenerative syndrome (LANS).” Brain Communications. Brain Communications.
